5W + 1H, Yes/No Question and Tag Questions

5W + 1H

The Basic ApproachThis approach seeks to answer six basic questions in gathering
information about nearly any subject: Who, What, When, Where, Why,
and How. Sometimes, depending on the context, a second "H" might be
used: How Much.

In journalism, news story writing requires that the questions to be
answered take a basic form:

• Who is it about?
  
• What is it about?
  
• When did it happen?
  
• Where did it happen?
  
• Why did it happen?
  
• How did it happen?
  

Applying the 5W1H framework to other types of writing or investigation
takes some interpretation. The order in which the answers to the
questions are presented may vary, but the "what" is usually addressed
first.

What

 In journalism, the "what" identifies an event and is often stated in the
"lead (or lede)," the first paragraph of a news story. The "what" is the primary subject, the reason the information is being gathered and presented. Apart from journalism, it may be stated in a title and in a purpose statement. The "what" may need to be defined, a
process that may comprise the remainder of a document.

 example : What do you do? I am an engineer

 

Who

 A news story identifies who an event involves. The "who" may be part of
the lede, and could be the reason the story is news worthy. In other contexts, the "who" identifies the person(s) or group(s) the "what" concerns. It might describe the audience of a document, or those who are affected by a policy, process or procedure.

 example : Who's that? That's Nancy.

 

When

 A key part of a news story is describing when an event happened. Answering the "when" indicates any time-sensitivity related to the "what." It may be part of an instruction regarding the proper point at which an action should be taken. Sometimes it may be part of an "If...then"
scenario of conditional action.

example : When do you go to work? At 7:00

 

Where 

A news story reports the location at which an event took place. The "where" describes a geographical or physical location of importance to the "what." At times, the where may be less important than other factors.

 example : Where do you live? In Boston

Why

 The "why" is usually the most neglected of the questions in the framework. News stories often lack information from authoritative sources to explain the "why."In other contexts, the "why" may be considered irrelevant, particularly when describing a policy or procedure decreed by an organizational authority. Efforts to determine and explain the "why" may help those affected be
more accepting of any change the "what" requires.

example : Why do you sleep early? Because I've got to get up early

How

 For journalists, determining how an event took place may be nearly as
challenging as explaining the "why," although more effort is usually put
into satisfying the question. When describing policies, processes or procedures, the "how" may be the most important part of the effort. A considerable appetite for understanding how to do something can be found across audiences. Sometimes effort focuses on the "what" when
more work might be devoted to explaining the "how."

example :   How do you go? By car

Yes / No questions

In English, there are two basic types of questions: Yes / No questions and Wh- questions. Yes / No questions are also called closed questions because there are only two possible responses: Yes or No. When forming a Yes / No question, it must include one of these verbs: BE, DO, HAVE, or a modal verb. It is impossible to ask a Yes / No question without one of these verbs.

correct		incorrect
Are elections next year?		Elections next year?
Does he want to stay?		He want to stay?
Have the boys eaten?		The boys eaten?
Can the dog swim?		The dog swim?

Use the verb BE to ask Yes / No questions about the identity or description of a person, place, or thing.

question		response
Am I your friend?		Yes. / Yes, you are. / Yes, you are my friend.
Is this a good restaurant?		No. / No, it is not. / No, it is not a good restaurant.
Are these islands Greek?		Yes. / Yes, they are. / Yes, these islands are Greek.
Was his idea interesting?		No. / No, it wasn’t. / No, his idea was not interesting.
Were they happy?		Yes. / Yes, they were. / Yes, they were happy.

Note that the response can be short (Yes. / No.), or long: Yes or No followed by the subject and verb.

Use the verb BE with a preposition to ask Yes / No questions about a present or past location.

question		response
Am I at the correct location?		No. / No, you aren’t.
Are the keys under the books?		No. / No, they are not.
Was his house on an island?		Yes. / Yes, it was.
Were the demonstrations in the center of town?		No. / No, they weren’t.

Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question about a current activity or situation. This requires the present progressive: BE + (verb+ing).

question		response
Am I going with you and Tom?		Yes. / Yes, you are.
Is she working today?		No. / No, she isn’t.
Are we seeing a play tomorrow?		Yes. / Yes, we are.

Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question about a past activity or situation. This requires the past progressive: WAS / WERE + (verb+ing).

question		response
Was it raining?		Yes. / Yes, it was.
Were they playing?		No. / No, they weren’t.

Use the verb BE to ask a Yes / No question with the passive voice.

question		response
Is gold mined in Canada?		Yes. / Yes it is.
Are flowers grown here?		No. / No, they are not.
Was the book read?		Yes. / Yes, it was.

Use the verb HAVE to ask if somebody has done something or if some action has taken place. Note that these Yes / No questions use the present perfect (HAVE + past participle).

question		response
Has your brother left?		No. / No, he hasn’t.
Have you driven before?		Yes. / Yes, I have.
Has the party started?		Yes. / Yes, it has.

Use the verb DO to ask Yes / No questions in order to obtain facts about people, places, or things.

question		response
Do they smoke?		No. / No, they don’t.
Does it rain here?		Yes. / Yes, it does.
Did the key work?		No. / No, it didn’t.

Use modal verbs to ask Yes / No questions about possibilities or uncertainties.

question		response
Can we stay?		Yes. / Yes, we can. / Yes, we can stay.
Could this be true?		Yes. / Yes, it could (be true).
Should they stop?		No. / No, they shouldn’t (stop).
May I help you?		Yes. / Yes you may (help me).

Remember: When asking Yes / No questions with DO or a modal verb, the main verb remains in the base form (without to).

correct		incorrect
Do you drink coffee?		Do you to drink coffee?
Does she work here?		Does she to work here?
Can I go with you?		Can I to go with you?
Should we email her?		Should we to email her?

However, if there are two verbs that follow DO, the second verb remains in the infinitive (with to).

correct		incorrect
Do you want to drink coffee?		Do you want drink coffee?
Does she like to work here?		Does she like work here?
Did you need to go home?		Did you need go home?

Note that there are several ways to answer Yes / No questions, especially when using contractions.

question	response
Is he busy?	No.
	No, he isn’t.
	No, he’s not.
	No, he is not.
	No, he isn’t busy.
	No, he’s not busy.
	No, he is not busy.

Tag Questions
in a tag question, the speaker makes a statement, but is not completely certain of the truth, so he or she uses a tag question to verify the previous statement. Sentences using tag questions should have the main clause separated from the tag by a comma. The sentence will always end a question mark.Example:
1. There are only twenty-eight days in February, aren’t there?
2. It’s raining now, isn’t it?
3. The boys don’t have class tomorrow, do they?
4. You and i talked with the professor yesterday, didn’t we?
5. Jill and Joe have been to Mexico, haven’t they?

Reference: 1, TOEFL: Preparation Guide by Michael A. Pyle, M. A. and Mary Ellen Munoz Page, M. A.

ref:

http://www.davebaldwinconsulting.com/5W1H.html

http://www.elearnenglishlanguage.com/blog/learn-english/grammar/questions-yes-no/

Subjek, Verb, Complement, Modifier and pronouns

(1) Subjek, Verb, Complement, Modifier

• SUBJECT

The subject is the agent of the sentence in the active voice; it is the person or thing that performs or is responsible for the action of the sentence and it normally precedes the verb.

For example:
* He is a really nice guy.
* "He" is the subject of the sentence, controlling the verb and the complement.
* My dog attacked the burglar.
* "My dog" is the subject, controlling the verb and the rest of the sentence.
* David plays the piano
* The subject "David" performs the action of "playing the piano".
* The police interviewed all the witnesses.
* The subject the police performs the action of interviewing all the witnesses.

• VERB

The verb follows the subject in a declarative sentence; it generally shows the action of the sentence.


For example:

* We gathered the party at 7 pm with Stefi yesterday.

* The building has been ruined by the plane.

* The Postman delivered those letters to Me 2 days ago.

* He had killed my uncle when I was 21 years old.

* I don’t know that you came to my house last night

• COMPLEMENT

A complement completes the verb. It is similar to the subject because it is usually a noun or noun phrase; however, it generally follows the verb when the sentence is in the active voice.

For example:

* We need lime to reduce soil acidity. 

* Plants absorb water and nutrients from soil 

-          * She saw John at the movie last night.

-         * My father drives an old car. 

-         * He wants to drink some water.

• MODIFIER

A modifier tells the time, place or manner of the action. Very often it is a prepositional phrase. A prepositional phrase is a group of words that begins with a preposition and ends with a noun.

For example:

* My Mother / is cooking / dinner / tonight

subject / verb phrase/ complement / modifier of time

 

*.Dhitya/ has visited / his Girlfriend

subject / verb phrase / complement

 

* They/ eat / lunch /in this restaurant/ today

subject/ verb phrase / complement/ modifier of place/ modifier of time

 

* Don/ should have bought/ gasoline /yesterday

subject/ verb phrase/ complement/ modifier of time

 

* It/ was cloudly /at seven o’clock this morning

subject/ verb phrase / modifier of time


(2) PRONOUNS

Definition

Generally (but not always) pronouns stand for (pro + noun) or refer to a noun, an individual or individuals or thing or things (the pronoun's antecedent) whose identity is made clear earlier in the text. For instance, we are bewildered by writers who claim something like.

• They say that eating beef is bad for you.

They is a pronoun referring to someone, but who are they? Cows? whom do they represent? Sloppy use of pronouns is unfair.

Not all pronouns will refer to an antecedent, however.

• Everyone here earns over a thousand dollars a day.

The word "everyone" has no antecedent.

The problem of agreement between a pronoun and its antecedent and between a pronoun and its verb is treated in another section on Pronoun-Antecedent Consistency. The quizzes on pronoun usage are also listed at the end of that section.
This section will list and briefly describe the several kinds of pronouns.

Types Of Pronoun

•  Subject Pronouns

Subject pronouns occur in the subject position of a sentence or after the verb be.
Verbs: I, you, he, she, it, they, weExample: I am going to the store

• Complement Pronouns

Complement pronouns occur in complement position, whether they complement a verb or a preposition.
Verbs: me, you, him, her, it, us, you, them
Example: They called us on the telephone.

• Possessive Pronouns

These pronouns cannot precede a noun. They are pronouns and thus replace the noun. The noun is understood from the context and is not repeated.
NOTE:
mine = my + noun; for example, my book.
yours = your + noun; for example, your pen.
hers = her + noun; for example, her car.
Verbs: mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs.
Example: This is my book = This is mine

• Reflexive Pronouns

These pronouns usually follow the verb and indicate that the subject is both giving and receiving the action.
Verbs: myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves.
Example: John bought him a new car = John bought himself a new car.
Source: TOEFL: Preparation Guide by Michael A. Pyle, M. A. and Mary Ellen Munoz Page, M. A.

ref : http://grammar.ccc.commnet.edu/grammar/pronouns1.htm

 

SAMPLE LETTER

INQUIRY LETTER

Davidsons Furniture Sales
123 Addison Road
Derby
DE2 1AA

Date: 23rd July 2010
Ref: Sales Person Vacancy


Dear Sir / Madam

I am a highly successful and experienced sales executive and am writing to inquire if you have any openings at your company for which I might apply.

I am currently working for Birmingham Kitchen Retailers as a sale executive. My duties include cold calling, chasing up leads, meeting potential clients and closing sales. I have a very successful track record in all of these fields.

I have enclosed my CV with this enquiry letter, if after reviewing it you feel there may be a position in your company for me then please do not hesitate to contact me.

I look forward very much to an opportunity to discuss my related work experience and explain in more detail how I can contribute to the continued success of your company.


Yours faithfully

Mr Richard Jones
128 Chester Road
Birmingham
B28 1WW
Tel: 0121 777 8888
Email: Richard.j@madeupemail.com


ORDER LETTER

October 10, 2012

Mrs. Rive Ramos
MGmR Marketing
Abbubu, Batang

Dear Mrs. Rive:

Enclosed is a money order for two hundred dollar ($200) in return for which please send me by parcel post:

1 piece bathing suit, navy blue and white, size 33, No. H61 – $60.00
1 pair of white canvas tennis shoes, crepe soles, size 4, C width – $40.00
1 Tilden tennis rocket, green and white trim, green strings, wt. 13 oz., handle 4 inches – $45.00
1 grey sweater, V-neck, size 28, No. B25 – $55.00

Please send these articles within five days.

Very truly yours,

Mr. Jhon Thor

ref: http://inamona92.blogspot.com/2013/01/order-letterplacing-order.html

 

COMPLAINT LETTER

56 Disgruntled Street
Somewhere Unhappy
1AM MAD

Customer Service Manager
That Awful Company
Somewhere Awful
UR BAD
June 15, 2008

Dear Sir/Madam,
I am writing today to complain of the poor service I received from your company on June 12, 2008. I was visited by a representative of That Awful Company, Mr. Madman, at my home on that day.
Mr. Madman was one hour late for his appointment and offered nothing by way of apology when he arrived at noon. Your representative did not remove his muddy shoes upon entering my house, and consequently left a trail of dirt in the hallway. Mr. Madman then proceeded to present a range of products to me that I had specifically told his assistant by telephone I was not interested in. I repeatedly tried to ask your representative about the products that were of interest to me, but he refused to deal with my questions. We ended our meeting after 25 minutes without either of us having accomplished anything.
I am most annoyed that I wasted a morning (and half a day's vacation) waiting for Mr. Madman to show up. My impression of That Awful Company has been tarnished, and I am now concerned about how my existing business is being managed by your firm. Furthermore, Mr. Madman's inability to remove his muddy shoes has meant that I have had to engage the services, and incur the expense, of a professional carpet cleaner.
I trust this is not the way That Awful Company wishes to conduct business with valued customers—I have been with you since the company was founded and have never encountered such treatment before. I would welcome the opportunity to discuss matters further and to learn of how you propose to prevent a similar situation from recurring. I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours faithfully,

V. Angry

 ref: https://www.scribendi.com/advice/example_complaint_letter.en.html

APPLICATION LETTER

Room 354, Block 6
Model Village
North Point
Hong Kong
Phone: 24862893
Mobile: 95427415
E-mail: wwm654@hkinternet.com
28 October 2013

Mr William Chan
Personnel Manager
Wong And Lim Consulting
PO Box 583
Kwai Chung
Kowloon
Dear Mr Chan

Application for the Post of Management Trainee

I am writing to apply for the post of Management Trainee, which was advertised on the Student Affairs Office notice board of the Hong Kong Polytechnic University on 28 October 2013.

My working experience at Lucky Star Garment Manufactory Limited improved my leadership skills, communication skills and ability to work in a team environment. I have fluent spoken and written English. I also have fluent spoken and written Mandarin, and can therefore work in mainland China.
Currently I am studying a B.A. in Management at the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, graduating in 2014. Subjects which I am studying that are relevant to the post of Management Trainee include Operations Management, Human Resources Management, Accounting, Marketing and Strategic Management.
My final year project is entitled Knowledge Management Practices in HK. Carrying out this project has improved my communication skills, my leadership skills and my ability to lead and supervise subordinates effectively. I have also learned how to run a project from the planning stage to its completion.
During my studies I have held the post of Executive in the Management Society. While leading and organising Management Society activities I have improved my ability to lead and supervise subordinates effectively, ability to work under pressure and ability to work in a team environment.
Working for Wong And Lim Consulting appeals to me because it has a good reputation and it provides excellent training. Your organisation produces a high-quality service, and I can contribute to this with my leadership skills and my ability to work under pressure.
I am available for interview at any time. I can be contacted most easily on the mobile phone number given above. I look forward to meeting you.
Yours sincerely


Wong Wai Man Wilfred
Encl: Resume
  
ref: http://www2.elc.polyu.edu.hk/cill/jaleg.htm


MEMO

Engineering Physics University of Wisconsin September 23, 1997

To: From: Subject:

Professor Michael Alley Cindy Reese CTR Request to Research How Credit Was Awarded for the Discovery of Nuclear Fission

For my EPD 397 project, please grant me permission to study the way in which credit has been awarded for the discovery of nuclear fission. Although Otto Hahn received the 1946 Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the discovery, several people assert that Lise Meitner and Fritz Strassman should have also received credit. In my research, I will attempt to discern how credit should have been bestowed. This topic meets the criteria for a successful topic in this course. First, I am interested in the topic. As a nuclear engineering student, I realize that the discovery of nuclear fission was perhaps the single most important discovery this century in my field. As a woman scientist, I am also deeply interested in the successes and challenges faced by other women scientists. A second way in which this topic meets the criteria is that it can be quickly researched. A computer search in the library has revealed many sources available on this topic. Attached to this memo is a summary of one such source, Lise Meitner: A Life in Physics by Ruth Sime. This topic also meets the third criterion for a successful topic in this course, namely, that it be technical. The fission of a uranium nuclear involves an understanding of both chemistry and physics principles. By focussing on this single discovery, I believe that I can achieve the fourth crierion for a successful topic: the achievement of depth. Finally, because the library system at the University of Wisconsin offers such a wide array of possible sources, including papers in German, and because many of these sources have been written for audiences more technical than my intended audience, I believe that I can create a project that is unique. If you have any suggestions for modifying this topic, please let me know. With your permission, I will continue researching. Attachment.

  

Styles Of Business Letter

Format and style that were on english business letter

A business letter were critical to korespodensi business. Format used for writing letters particular enterprise. Means a business letter look like this matters because create impressions on readers. Format letter companies have many done to making an impression upon readers. A simple format of a help deliver messages it clear to readers. Based on identasi and penyelarasan paragraph, there are five format is used in writing letters business. Namely:

1. Full block style

Writing on full block style: business letter usually located on flattened left as letter head, date, inside address, subject, salutation, body of letter, complementary a close, signature or as a whole of format letter being in a position flattened left.

Sample Form Letter Full Block Style :

Sample 1
Format From Full Block Style

Sample 2

2. Block Style

When he was writing a business letter, for example, a letter a request for work you must pay attention to the format or style of letters and a typeface ( font ) used. The format of a business letter most frequently used is the block style. Applying this format all parts of a letter written flattened left with spaces between lines single / of a sentence and spaced duple inter-intercity alinea or paragraphs. The image on the latter part of this article is an example of a business letter with the format of the block.

Sample Form Letter Block Style :

Sample 1

3. Semi-block style

Semi-blok fromat: in a format this text parallel left and all paragraphs in the letter is indented. Format shape on this letter on letter head, date, complementary a close, and signature being in a position flattened right. In the layout uneven right, but can dibilangg flattened middle. Other parts on a letter as inside address, subject, salutation, body of letter, and enclosure if terdapatnya attachment letter,Being flattened on the left.

Sample Form Letter Semi Block Style :
 

Sample 1
Format from Semi Block Style

Description:

1.Kop Letter

2. Date of preparation of letters

3. Letter No.

4. attachment

5. case

6. The letter addressed

7. a word of salutation

8a. Introduction letter

8b. Explanation letter

8c. The cover letter

9. Greetings Closing

10. Name of office

11. signature

12. Names to approach

13. copy

14. Attachment page letter / initials

Sample 2

Sample 3 

JAYA ACCOUNTING FIRM

Roads Abhimanyu 12

JAKARTA CENTRAL

Number: 1.B/IV/2007

7 April 2007

Attachments: -

Subject: Examination Books

CV. "Works Great"

Jalan Raden Saleh 14

BANDUNG

Sirs,

Replying to a letter a week ago sir, do hereby proclaim that the Report of the Expert Examining Trade Books we have sent to Mr. a month ago. The report might not come to the Lord.

As it turns out the balance of the year 2003 Mr. profits of Rp 120 million. This advantage is not big enough we think, given the circumstances Mr CV substantial and memuskan. We dare to ensure that profits in the coming year could reach 10% if performed more thoroughly. Outposts such costs would be lowered by several hundred thousand dollars.

Furthermore, we suggest that the capital increase Tuan Tuan remember Mr. results obtained in the past year was difficult to find the necessary capital. Accordingly our suggestions briefly, to explore all parts of the CV. Sir, we invite to read the latest report.

Sincerely,

Your own name

Leadership

4. This format Indented Style

On the first line at the beginning of each paragraph starts with a few spaces from the left side, the distance is usually 1 cm spacing. the writing inside the address and signature section is done identasi. The magnitude of the identasi on each line is directly proportional to the order line. For example the first line does not do identasi, on the second row done identasi 0, 5 cm, in the third line is also done identasi 1 cm, etc. On the first line of every paragraph begins a few spaces from the left side. Usually 1 cm spacing distance from the left border.

Here's An Example Of Indented Style: 

Sample 1

Format for Indented Style

The parts of the form letter Dent (Indented Style):

1. letterhead

2. Date of preparation of letters

3. Letter No.

4. Appendix / Page

5. It / Attachments

7. a word of salutation

8a. Introduction letter

8b. Explanation letter

8c. The cover letter

9. Greetings Closing

10. Name of office

11. signature

12. Names to approach

13. copy

14. Attachment page letter / initials

Sample 2

5.  Simplifed Style Format

Simple shapes (Simplified Style) is a form letter that is almost similar to the shape Straight Full but only without any greeting and closing greeting. Usually this letter goes to the people who were working at the company. Sometimes the simple form of letter writing is very simple without regard neatness and regularity. 

The Following Example Simplified Style :

Sample 1

Format For Simplified Style

The parts of a letter from Simple Forms (Simplified Style):

1. letterhead

2. Date of preparation of letters

3. Letter No.

4. attachment

5. case

6. The letter addressed

8a. Introduction letter

8b. Explanation letter

8c. The cover letter

10. Name of office

11. signature

12. Names to approach

13. copy

14. Attachment page letter / initials

Sample 2

Modern Office Equipment Co. Ltd.
98 – 100 Anna Salai
Cennai – 600002
India
Telephone : 044 26152766
Fax : 044 26152767

6th June 2001

The Manager

ABC Computer Stores

23 North Usman Road

T. Nager

Chennai – 600018

Telephone : 044 26156782

Fax : 044 26156780

SIMPLIFIED STYLE

This is another modification of the fully-blocked style. This style is used when you write a letter and you do not know the name and title of the person to whom you are writing the letter. The salutation and the complimentary closing are used in this style. The subject is mentioned din capital fonts and that subject need not be underlined. 

Today around all the business houses, this style is widely used when the writer of the letters does not want to give importance to formality. Since the formality is not adopted here, this style goes to the heart of the addressee. This style give more importance only to the core matter of the letter.

M.N. Ashok Nathan

Assistant Manager

Production

6. Hanging Style Format

Hanging Style is the Format paragrafnya hang, or leaning more to the left. the form of this letter on letter head, date, complementary close and signature are in the position of the Middle letters. The other part on letters such as the inside address, salutation, body, subject of letter are in the position of left-align. at the beginning of the paragraph, paragraphs hanging is not spaced.

 The Following Example Hanging Style:

Sample 1

Format From Hanging Style

 

Portions of the letter forms hang Alinea (Hanging Paragraph):

1. letterhead

2. Date of preparation of letters

3. Letter No.

4. Appendix / Page

5. It / Attachments

6. The letter addressed

7. a word of salutation

8a. Introduction letter

8b. Explanation letter

8c. The cover letter

9. Greetings Closing

10. Name of office

11. signature

12. Names to approach

13. copy

14. Attachment page letter / initials

Sample 2

Sample3

DINAS PENDIDIKAN

SMU NEGERI 5 BEKASI

 JL.Gamprit jati waringin pondok gede

No                : 009/124/SMU/XIII/2009

Attachments  : -

Subject         : Meeting Service

Nature          : Very Important 

Dear.

Mr / Ms Teachers and Staff Employees SMU Negeri 5 Bekasi 

at - 

Place 

Assalamu'alaikum wr. Wb.

In connection with the rise of anarchist action and the more widespread use of illicit drugs among students, it is very important that we act together, we hereby invite Mr / Mrs to attend official meetings that we conduct.  

The event, God willing, will be held on : 

Day    : Saturday August 15 

Time  : 08.00 s.d 14:00 

Venue : Meeting Room

Similarly, we submit this letter, hopefully the father / mother can understand.For your attention and cooperation father / mother. We give thanks.Wassalamu'alaikum Wr.Wb.

                                                                                            Knowing,

                                                                                     Dr. Rizki Pratama Indra.S,Pd

                                                                                        Principal SMUN 5 Bekasi

 

 

 

ref:

http://rendyariesta.blogspot.com/2012/11/style-of-business-letter.html